Digital Product Passport rules arrive sector by sector, not all at once. The first passport duty is for certain batteries, and it comes from the Battery Regulation rather than the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR). The ESPR product groups follow on dates the Commission has indicated but not yet set in law.
Batteries
From 18 February 2027, electric vehicle batteries, light means of transport (LMT) batteries and industrial batteries with a capacity above 2 kWh must have a battery passport under Regulation (EU) 2023/1542. Batteries outside those three groups are not covered by that date.
ESPR product groups, indicative timing
The Commission's first working plan, published on 16 April 2025, selected the product groups below. Every date is indicative. None of the product acts has been adopted.
- Iron and steel, indicative Q4 2026
- Aluminium, indicative Q3 to Q4 2027
- Textiles, with an apparel focus, indicative Q4 2027
- Tyres, indicative Q3 to Q4 2027
- Furniture, indicative 2028
- Mattresses, indicative 2029
- Energy-related products, 16 items carried forward from the earlier plan, indicative from 2026 to the end of 2030
- Repairability, a horizontal measure, indicative 2027
- Recycled content and recyclability of electrical and electronic equipment, a horizontal measure, indicative 2029
Consumer electronics and ICT have no standalone group in the plan. They are covered through the two horizontal measures and the energy-related products.
Construction products sit under a separate route, the Construction Products Regulation, with an indicative delegated act in Q2 2027.
Packaging
Packaging is not an ESPR product group. The Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 applies from 12 August 2026. Its labelling and data requirements apply from August 2028 or later, pending an implementing act.
The UK
The UK has no digital product passport law. The Department for Business and Trade call for evidence on digital product records closed on 21 September 2026, and the government has not yet determined its approach for Great Britain. EU passport rules apply in Northern Ireland under the Windsor Framework.
For the dates in context, read when the EU Digital Product Passport becomes mandatory. The digital product passport guide explains what a passport holds.
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